Philippine labor law measures “hours worked” by employer control, not just clock-in and clock-out. Learn when waiting time, on-call duty, meal breaks, training, and travel time are legally compensable under Article 84 of the Labor Code and Supreme Court rulings.
Article 82 of the Labor Code covers every employee by default and excludes only six specific categories: government employees, managerial employees and managerial staff, field personnel, family members dependent on the employer, domestic workers, and workers paid by results. This guide explains each category’s legal test, the Supreme Court cases that define the boundaries, and what happens when an employer gets the classification wrong.
Can an employer change your work schedule without your consent in the Philippines? Learn when schedule changes fall within management prerogative, when they may become unlawful, and what employees can do.
Can an employer require overtime without paying overtime in the Philippines? Learn when overtime may be required, when overtime pay is mandatory, who may be exempt, and what evidence to keep.
Rest Day Rules Philippines 2026: learn the 24-hour weekly rest rule, whether Sunday must be your rest day, when an employer may require rest-day work, religious preference rules, premium pay and what to do if schedules are abused.
Field personnel are excluded from overtime pay, holiday pay and Service Incentive Leave under Article 82 of the Labor Code — but only if the employer genuinely cannot verify their hours. Learn the Supreme Court’s two-part test, common misclassification traps, and what employees and employers should do next.
Philippine law requires a 60-minute meal break that is generally unpaid, but only if the employee is completely free from duty. Learn the legal test, the narrow 20-minute shortening exception, and the Supreme Court cases on interrupted or on-call breaks.
Premium Pay Philippines 2026 guide: rest-day and special non-working day rates, the 30% rule, overtime stacking, worked examples and a calculator.
Undertime cannot be offset against overtime under Article 88 of the Labor Code. How undertime is computed, what employers may lawfully do instead, and how to dispute a payslip.
Learn DOLE rules on compressed workweeks, telecommuting, reduced workdays, schedule changes, overtime, employee consent, and implementation.