Explore the Labor Code of the Philippines through clear explanations of employment rights, employer duties, labor standards, and dispute procedures.
Government workers in the Philippines are protected by the Civil Service Law and the 1987 Constitution, not the Labor Code. Here is exactly which rights they have, which they don’t (like the right to strike), and where Job Order and Contract of Service workers fit in.
Philippine labor law classifies every private-sector employee along two separate axes: employment status (regular, probationary, project, casual) and rank (managerial, supervisory, rank-and-file). This guide explains both systems, the Article 219(m) test courts use to determine rank, and the real consequences for overtime pay, holiday pay, and union rights that turn on getting the classification right.
Book 6 of the Labor Code of the Philippines covers Articles 293 to 302: just and authorized causes for dismissal, the twin-notice rule, the one-month DOLE notice, separation pay formulas and statutory retirement pay. This guide explains what each article requires and links to the deeper guide for every provision.
Republic Act 9231 sets 15 as the Philippines’ general minimum working age and bans hazardous work under 18. This guide covers the two lawful exceptions for children under 15, the DOLE Working Child Permit, hour limits, and 2026’s new rules for child social media content creators.
Article 219 of the Labor Code broadly defines employer and employee, so Philippine courts apply the four-fold test — selection, wages, dismissal, and control — to determine who really counts as which. Learn the test, employer types, and the Supreme Court cases that define it.
Undertime cannot be offset against overtime under Article 88 of the Labor Code. How undertime is computed, what employers may lawfully do instead, and how to dispute a payslip.
Learn how Philippine backwages are calculated after illegal dismissal, including the correct period, benefits, 13th-month pay, examples and records to check.
Learn what Article 282, now Article 297, actually covers, where Philippine wage protections are found, and what employees receive after termination.
Learn the Philippine Labor Code rules on the eight-hour workday, 12-hour shifts, overtime, breaks, weekly rest, night work, and employee remedies.
Philippine labor law is the body of constitutional provisions, statutes, administrative rules, and court decisions governing relationships between workers and employers. For deeper context, read how the Philippine Constitution protects labor, how courts develop labor law doctrines, and what employees can do when facing illegal dismissal. Employees leaving a job may also need the site’s…