A step-by-step guide to the SSS unemployment (involuntary separation) benefit: who qualifies, which terminations count as involuntary, how the 50% x 2-month benefit is computed, and the DOLE-then-SSS filing process.
Retrenchment is valid under Article 298 of the Labor Code only when the employer proves genuine losses, gives 30-day notice to the employee and DOLE, pays the correct separation pay, and uses fair selection criteria. Learn the five-part legal test and leading Supreme Court cases.
Article 299 lets employers end employment for disease, but only with certification from a competent public health authority, strict twin-notice due process, and mandatory separation pay. Learn the three-part test, four Supreme Court rulings, and why HIV status can never be a valid ground.
Installation of labor-saving devices is an authorized cause under Article 298. Learn the requirements, proof, notice, separation pay and differences from redundancy and retrenchment.
Separation pay formulas differ by cause: redundancy and labor-saving devices use one month pay per year of service, while retrenchment, closure and disease use one-half month, with a six-month fraction rounded up. This guide walks through the Article 298 and 299 formulas, worked hypothetical examples, and the Supreme Court cases that expand and limit who can claim it.
Separation pay and backwages are different labor-law remedies. Learn when each applies, how they are computed, and when an employee can receive both.
Closure is an authorized cause under Article 298. When separation pay is owed, when serious business losses excuse it, and what notice the employer must serve.
Compare resignation, redundancy, retrenchment and just-cause termination in the Philippines — who initiates each, notice required, and separation pay.
Learn what security of tenure means, when an employee may be dismissed, how AI automation affects job protection, and what remedies are available in the Philippines.
Compare legal termination and illegal dismissal in the Philippines. Learn the valid grounds, due-process rules, evidence, remedies and next steps.