Separation Pay vs Backwages: What’s the Difference in the Philippines?
Separation pay and backwages are different labor-law remedies. Learn when each applies, how they are computed, and when an employee can receive both.
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Evidence of Constructive Dismissal: What Employees Need to Prove in the Philippines
Learn what employees must prove in a constructive dismissal case in the Philippines, which records matter, and how to organize evidence for SEnA or NLRC proceedings.
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AWOL Meaning in the Philippines: Legal Consequences and Employer Obligations
AWOL is not a Labor Code ground for dismissal by itself. Learn what absence without official leave actually means, when it legally becomes abandonment of work, and what due process employers must still follow before a valid AWOL dismissal.
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Forced Resignation in the Philippines: When It Becomes Constructive Dismissal
A resignation is not necessarily voluntary just because an employee signed a resignation letter. Learn when forced resignation becomes constructive dismissal, what evidence matters, who bears the burden of proof, and what employees and employers should do next.
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How Much Can You Claim for Illegal Dismissal in the Philippines?
There is no fixed peso amount for illegal dismissal in the Philippines. Learn how backwages, reinstatement or separation pay, benefits, damages, attorney’s fees and legal interest may affect the total claim.
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Certificate of Employment (COE & COEC) PH: 3-Day Rule, Template | LaborCode.ph
Philippine employers must issue a Certificate of Employment within three days of a written request, containing only dates of employment and position held. This guide covers DOLE Labor Advisory No. 6-20, what a compliant COE must and must not contain, a sample template, and what to do when an employer refuses or delays.
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Evidence Needed to Prove Illegal Dismissal in the Philippines
Learn what evidence can help prove illegal dismissal in the Philippines, who must prove the dismissal and valid cause, and which records employees should preserve.
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Philippine Holidays 2026-2027: Complete List with Holiday Pay Computation
The complete, verified 2026 Philippine holiday calendar — regular holidays, special non-working days and the special working day — with each date’s legal classification and proclamation reference, plus what’s already confirmed for 2027. Includes DOLE’s holiday-pay computation rates, worked examples, and the Supreme Court cases that define how holiday pay is calculated for daily-paid and monthly-paid employees.
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Employee vs Employer Under Philippine Labor Law: Legal Definitions and Why They Matter
Article 219 of the Labor Code broadly defines employer and employee, so Philippine courts apply the four-fold test — selection, wages, dismissal, and control — to determine who really counts as which. Learn the test, employer types, and the Supreme Court cases that define it.
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Are Bonuses Mandatory in the Philippines? Discretionary vs Demandable Bonuses
Christmas bonuses, mid-year bonuses, and performance incentives are generally discretionary in the Philippines — only 13th month pay is legally mandatory. Learn the Supreme Court test for when a bonus ripens into a demandable right under the non-diminution rule, with cases and G.R. numbers.
