Use this hub to distinguish lawful termination from illegal or constructive dismissal and to understand the evidence, notice and remedies that may apply. Employer allegations do not automatically justify dismissal; the legal ground, proof, proportionality and procedural due process must be assessed together.
Core concepts: Security of Tenure · Just Cause · Authorized Cause · Illegal Dismissal · Constructive Dismissal · Twin-Notice Rule · Separation Pay · Backwages.
Recommended starting guides: Just Cause Under Philippine Labor Law · Constructive Dismissal Guide · Constructive vs Illegal Dismissal · How to File an Illegal Dismissal Case · Separation Pay Guide.
An employee who is dismissed without a legally sufficient ground may file an illegal dismissal case in the Philippines. There is a deadline: an action contesting the dismissal itself prescribes in four years, while the money claims attached to it prescribe in three — see the filing deadlines compared. In most cases, the employee should…