Economic Dependence Test in Philippine Labor Law: Meaning, Factors and Examples
Understand the economic dependence test in Philippine labor law, its seven factors, workplace examples, evidence, and relationship to the four-fold test.
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How to Prove Employee Status Despite an Independent Contractor Agreement
Learn what contracts, schedules, payroll records, instructions, and messages may help prove employee status despite an independent contractor agreement.
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Employee vs Employer Under Philippine Labor Law: Legal Definitions and Why They Matter
Article 219 of the Labor Code broadly defines employer and employee, so Philippine courts apply the four-fold test — selection, wages, dismissal, and control — to determine who really counts as which. Learn the test, employer types, and the Supreme Court cases that define it.
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Management Prerogative in the Philippines: Scope, Limits and Employee Rights
Learn when management prerogative is valid under Philippine labor law, its legal limits, the evidence that matters, and what employees and employers can do next.
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Employee vs Independent Contractor Philippines: How to Determine Your Status
Determine whether a worker is an employee or independent contractor in the Philippines using the four-fold test, control test, economic dependence, evidence, and current Supreme Court cases.
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Casual Employment Philippines 2026: When a Casual Employee Becomes Regular
Casual Employment Philippines 2026: Article 295 meaning, the necessary-or-desirable test, the one-year rule, repeated hiring, employee rights, evidence, and when a casual worker becomes regular.
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Four-Fold Test in the Philippines: Control Test, Evidence and Examples
The four-fold test helps determine whether an employer-employee relationship exists in the Philippines by examining selection, payment, dismissal power, and control.
