Study resources on Philippine labor law: illegal dismissal doctrine, due process, burden of proof, jurisprudence and NLRC procedure.
Article 295 explains when an employee is considered regular in the Philippines, including the necessary-or-desirable test, the one-year casual-employment rule, probationary employment, project work, evidence, and remedies.
Buban v. Dela Peña (G.R. No. 268399) shows how unaddressed workplace sexual harassment can be constructive dismissal, and when RA 7877 makes employers solidarily liable.
A signed, accepted Philippine job offer becomes a binding contract on acceptance, per the 2025 Supreme Court ruling in Aragones v. Alltech. Learn when withdrawal is legal and what to do if yours is pulled.
A clause-by-clause guide to the release, waiver and quitclaim Filipino workers are asked to sign at separation — what each part does, which clauses carry the least weight, and how the forum you sign in changes how final it is.
Last materially reviewed: August 15, 2026 Most people meet a Labor Arbiter at the point where conciliation has already failed. The Single Entry Approach did not produce a settlement, a complaint has been filed with a Regional Arbitration Branch of the National Labor Relations Commission, and the case is now with an officer who will…
Learn how Philippine backwages are calculated after illegal dismissal, including the correct period, benefits, 13th-month pay, examples and records to check.
Just cause termination procedure Philippines 2026: follow the twin-notice rule from Notice to Explain and the 5-day response period through evaluation, hearing when required, and the final written decision.
Learn the difference between gross and habitual neglect, the evidence needed for dismissal, exceptions, warnings and due process under Philippine labor law.
Learn when willful disobedience can justify dismissal under Article 297, what employers must prove, what evidence matters, and how due process works.
Learn when serious misconduct can justify dismissal under Article 297 of the Philippine Labor Code, what employers must prove, what evidence matters, and how due process works.