Learn when serious misconduct can justify dismissal under Article 297 of the Philippine Labor Code, what employers must prove, what evidence matters, and how due process works.
Learn the difference between AWOL and job abandonment in Philippine labor law, including the two legal elements, evidence, due process and next steps.
Learn when management prerogative is valid under Philippine labor law, its legal limits, the evidence that matters, and what employees and employers can do next.
Compare employees and independent contractors in the Philippines using the four-fold test, control, benefits, taxes, evidence, and misclassification risks.
A Notice to Explain (NTE) is usually the first written notice in a Philippine just-cause disciplinary process. Learn the 5-calendar-day response rule, employee rights, evidence to preserve, and what happens next.
Learn when reducing or withdrawing employee benefits may violate Philippine labor law, what evidence matters, and how employees can seek remedies.
Learn when preventive suspension is legal in the Philippines, the 30-day limit, salary rules, employee rights, evidence, procedure and remedies.
Learn what casual employment means under Philippine labor law, when a casual worker becomes regular, what benefits apply, and how to check possible misclassification.
The four-fold test helps determine whether an employer-employee relationship exists in the Philippines by examining selection, payment, dismissal power, and control.
Learn what labor complaints can be filed online through DOLE ARMS and how to prepare and file a formal case with the proper NLRC branch.